The comparison framework
Three axes: evidence tier (how strong the human sleep data is), dose transparency (can you match the dose to research?), and best fit (who benefits most). A product can win one axis and lose another — the whole point of comparing.
The field, ranked by evidence
| Aid | Evidence tier | Typical studied dose | Transparency | Best fit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melatonin (low dose) | Strong | 0.3–1 mg for onset | High (single ingredient) | Sleep-onset & circadian issues |
| Magnesium glycinate | Modest | Hundreds of mg | High | Low-status diets, restorative-stage support |
| L-Theanine | Modest | 100–200 mg | High | Anxious, wired-but-tired sleepers |
| Tart cherry | Modest, small | Juice-scale | High | Mild maintenance issues, food-first types |
| GABA | Limited, mixed | 100–300 mg | High | Experimental calm-seekers |
| Apigenin | Early | ~50 mg | High | Chamomile-tradition believers |
| Valerian | Mixed, odor-notorious | 300–600 mg | High | Those unbothered by the smell |
| Multi-blends (e.g., YU Sleep) | Ingredient-level only | Varies | Low (proprietary blend) | Convenience-seekers wanting breadth |
Reading the blend row
Blends like YU Sleep compress the top six rows into one dropper — real convenience, coherent design, and a low melatonin dose that respects the research. The cost is the transparency axis: 637 mg shared across seven actives means several sit below studied doses, and no finished-product trial exists. That trade is legitimate if chosen knowingly: breadth and convenience purchased with a side of dose uncertainty, mitigated by the 60-day window.
Choosing by symptom, not by marketing
- Can't fall asleep, mind loud: low-dose melatonin + theanine (or a blend covering both) plus the racing-thoughts toolkit.
- Wake at 3 AM: alcohol/food/light audit first; magnesium and tart cherry as the supporting cast.
- Diet clearly mineral-poor: food-first magnesium, per the foods guide.
- Diagnosed insomnia: none of the above replaces CBT-I; that's the clinical gold standard.
The one rule that beats all products
Whatever you choose, hold behavior constant — same wake time, dim evenings, caffeine cutoff — or you'll be measuring chaos, not the aid. Supplements amplify routines; they don't replace them.